PI3K/AKT/MTOR: CONTRIBUTION TO THE TUMOR PHENOTYPE SENSITIVE TO TAMOXIFEN

The PI3K/Akt/mTOR is a key signaling system that binds oncogenes and various receptors to many cell functions, promotes estrogen resistance, the most frequently activated pathway in malignant neoplasm, including breast cancer (BC). About 70 % of BC hormone‑receptor positive endocrine therapy main component treatment for patients. Tamoxifen remains one basic drugs adjuvant estrogen‑positive However, due acquired resistance this drug, 25–30 patients develop relapse or disease progression. Resistance tamoxifen clinical problems BC. potential mechanisms may be associated with crosstalk between signaling. This review summarizes current literature data on role hormonal complete characterization its components features interaction receptors. results studies cascade as molecular markers response are presented. Further study pathways will contribute both understanding carcino‑ genesis development new molecular‑targeted anticancer tamoxifen‑ resistant tumors.